What US Census Takers Do

What US Census Takers Do Americans who, out of the blue, don't finish and return a Census Bureau survey can anticipate an individual visit from a registration taker or enumerator.What do the enumerators statistics takers need to do? As indicated by Census Bureau Director Kenneth W. Prewitts April 5, 2000 declaration to the House Subcommittee on the Census, Each enumerator is given a cover of addresses here that incorporates every one of those addresses for which we have not gotten a finished poll. Since houses without numbers and road name delivers can be hard to track down, enumerators in rustic zones additionally get maps that have the lodging unit areas spotted on them. The enumerator must go to each address in the task zone to finish the suitable survey (either short structure or long structure) for the lodging unit and its inhabitants. Registration Taker Key Takeaways Statistics Takers, or â€Å"Enumerators,† are representatives of the U.S. Evaluation Bureau who visit the homes of people who don't finish and return a statistics survey. The Census Taker will meet any accessible grown-up individual from the family unit so as to finish the enumeration questionnaire.The Census Taker will make in any event six endeavors to visit the home, contact an occupant, and complete the questionnaire.Like all Census Bureau representatives, Census Takers are carefully disallowed by law from uncovering any data assembled and might be fined and detained for doing as such. For each address, the enumerator must: Meeting a family unit part at any rate 15 years old and finishes the appointed poll. On the off chance that the unit was involved by an alternate family unit on Census Day, the enumerator finishes a survey for the inhabitants who lived there on Census Day by talking a proficient individual, for example, a neighbor.If the current tenants were not counted somewhere else, the enumerator will likewise finish a registration poll for them for their Census Day address.If the lodging unit was empty on Census Day, the enumerator finishes fitting lodging inquiries on the survey by meeting a learned individual, for example, a neighbor or flat manager.If the lodging unit was obliterated or in any case nonexistent under statistics definitions, the enumerator finishes a poll that gives the motivation behind why the unit ought to be erased from the evaluation address list, by talking an educated respondent, for example, a neighbor or condo chief. What if no one's home? Will the statistics taker simply disappear? Indeed, yet the individual in question will assuredly be back. The enumerator must make up to six endeavors to contact the inhabitant and complete a questionnaire.If nobody is home at an involved lodging unit, the enumerator acquires however much data as could reasonably be expected about how to contact the tenants from a neighbor, building supervisor, or another source.The enumerator likewise leaves a notification at the location that they have visited and gives a phone number so the tenant can call back.The enumerator at that point makes up to two extra close to home visits (3 taking all things together) and three phone endeavors at reaching the family unit before getting however much data as could be expected to finish the poll from an educated source. Enumerators are told to make their callbacks on various days of the week and at various occasions of day.The enumerator must keep up a record of callbacks that rundowns each kind of callback made (phone or individual visit) and the specific date and time it happened. Enumerators are relied upon to get total meetings however should get in any event the status (involved or empty) and the quantity of individuals living in the unit. On the off chance that the enumerator presents a survey that contains this insignificant degree of information, the group chief must check the enumerators record of callbacks for the lodging unit to verify that strategies were appropriately followed. The group chief likewise holds these cases for conceivable further follow-up to get progressively complete information. Group pioneers meet day by day with every enumerator to get and check finished work.Crew pioneers are required to ensure that the enumerators produce quality work at a pace of 1 to 1.5 finished polls every hour relying upon the sort of territory secured. Group pioneers check each finished survey for culmination and accuracy.In request to forestall misrepresentation of the information by enumerators, a level of every enumerators work is confirmed for exactness by a re-talk with staff. This staff checks an example of every enumerators work and may likewise confirm extra polls from enumerators whose work contrasts altogether from that of different enumerators working for a similar team pioneer. An enumerator who is found distorting information is excused quickly and all the work must be revamped by another enumerator. Thus it goes until a finished statistics survey has been finished and transformed into the neighborhood evaluation office for each lodging unit address in America.Like every other representative of the Census Bureau, enumerators are subject by law to serious punishments including detainment for uncovering data outside of the necessary extent of their activity. Also, recollect, noting all censusâ questionnaires is required by law.â Registration Taker Jobs for the 2020 Census With the 2020 Census quick drawing closer, the U.S. Statistics Bureau is presently selecting, recruiting, and preparing a great many individuals across the country for transitory jobs.To be qualified for every one of the 2020 Census work, you must:Be at any rate 18 years old.Have a substantial Social Security number.Be a U.S. citizen.Have a legitimate email address.Complete an application and answer appraisal questions. (Some evaluation questions are accessible in Spanish. In any case, an English capability test may likewise be required.)Be enlisted as legally necessary with the Selective Service System or have a passing exclusion, in the event that you are a male brought into the world after Dec. 31, 1959.Pass a Census-performed criminal personal investigation and an audit of criminal records, including fingerprinting.Commit to finishing training.Be accessible to work adaptable hours, which can incorporate days, nights, and additionally weekends.For most employments particularly Cen sus Taker-candidates must:Have a legitimate driver’s permit and access to a vehicle, except if open transportation is promptly accessible; andHave access to a PC with web and an email account (to finish training).Persons inspired by part or full-time registration occupations may apply online at the Census Bureau’s exceptionally secure Census Careers Site. The application procedure takes around 30 minutes. You should give your Social Security number, personal residence, email address, telephone number, and your date and spot of birth.

Best Way of Spending Holidays

Most ideal method of spending occasions. In my perspectives outdoors is the most ideal method of spending occasions. It is difficult to contend with truth that outdoors is one of the most famous recreational action on the planet. Regardless of whether it includes families, companions, couples or young people, everybody just appreciates a decent outdoors outside. Associating with nature is unquestionably viewed as one of the best time approaches to contribute an excursion. Why put your excursion in costly inns when you can likewise make the most of your time with your own allies outside where it’s closer to mother nature.Camping offers to the internal subliminal of us human’s want to communicate with nature. The wild, trees and bushes, plants, untamed life, outside air, people all in all find the entirety of the over charming. There are various reasons why outdoors is amazingly well known. It is because of the numerous advantages and advantages that outdoors brings. Outside outdoors is a prescribed method to go through period along with individuals who are dearest to you. Regardless of whether it is with your family or even unique somebody, the events that you will spend together outside will without a doubt give every one of you recollections that you may all always remember. There are times that we generally also distracted with something may it be work or school, so we don’t get the chance to invest energy with our adored one as much as you need to. So you need to truly make it up to them? Outside outdoors is the perfect answer in this sort of circumstance. Why? In the event that you are exploring the great outdoors, you will have no entrance to PCs, mobile phones or a TV in this manner it simply your gathering and the unstoppable force of life. So which implies no more interruptions and furthermore you got each other’s single(a) consideration. Outdoors is additionally an incredible method to calm your stress.If you’re working extended periods of time and in this way are constantly worn out then it’s almost certain that you are worried. Diminish your pressure limit by holding with the compelling force of nature. Rather than breathing the typical contaminated quality of the town, by outdoors outside you will get the chance to inhale cool just as natural air. Also, rather than recording a perpetual amount of administrative work or being before the PC the entire day, you get the opportunity to appreciate exercises like open air bar-b-que, angling, swimming and other fun exercises that may take your brain off work. Outdoors will most likely positively affect your focused on mind and the body.

The Three Methods To End Your College Essay

The Three Methods To End Your College EssayA college essay should be written as if it were a complete novel, with many endings. There are three different ways to go about ending your college essay and by following these three steps you will be able to compose a well-structured essay that is appropriate for your school.The three ways to end your college essay are: you can use a cliffhanger, a logical conundrum, or a non sequitur. Cliffhangers are typically the shortest, simplest way to end your essay. Basically they force the reader to think about what happens next, which in the best case will provide an answer to the question that the reader asked at the beginning of the essay. This technique works because readers tend to enjoy challenges and the one thing that they enjoy more than challenges is a suspenseful situation.The next way to end your essay is the most difficult. Using a logical conundrum is a much more difficult approach. It begins with a riddle, which requires a logical so lution to the riddle. This is followed by a description of the logical paradox and the logical solution to the paradox. The problem with this method is that the reader is required to read the entire paragraph again, so this method is generally not the best for shorter pieces of writing.The third method is called a middle section and although it is not part of the content of the essay, it is the most effective method to use. The middle section is generally a summary of the preceding paragraphs, and follows the same pattern as a logical conundrum. To get a middle section to work properly, you must provide an explanation of the structure of the article that you have just written. This explanation can be provided in two ways; first the statement can be seen as an explanation, and second the writer is allowed to interpret it as he or she sees fit.You may wonder how you can begin a college essay and end it in the middle of the piece. The middle paragraph can serve many purposes. For one t hing it can be used to describe the sequence of events and make the reader aware of the nature of the piece. It can also serve as a 'cliffhanger' for the piece and make the reader anticipate the conclusion of the essay, which can be seen as a cliffhanger for the next article in the series.After writing the middle paragraph and finishing the piece the writer is allowed to conclude the piece with the ultimate conclusion. This final paragraph is usually a twist on a common story point that serves to point out the author's point of view. Many writers skip this final paragraph, believing that it is just as easy to do, but in fact it is easier.In order to give readers a pleasant experience when reading the final paragraph, it is important to write it as if it were the conclusion of a longer piece. Remember that an essay should have a strong beginning, middle, and end. Even though the middle paragraph will not be read by all readers, it is a good idea to make it as satisfying as possible.C ollege essays are not usually easy, but finishing them can be extremely difficult and is rarely without its own unique challenges. By following these three tips and following the basic outline of the essay, you should be able to create a great conclusion to your college essay.

The Importance Of Animal Rights - 1387 Words

Throughout the developed world animal rights have steadily increased over the past few decades. The cause has been successful in raising awareness, as images of animals in desperate conditions played over a somber Sarah McLaughlin song are commonplace during commercial breaks on TV. It has also been successful in creating laws to protect animals and prosecute those that inflict harm upon innocent animals. There is a grey area when it comes to children who abuse animals, there is little to no legal recourse for those who are under 18. It is well documented that childhood behaviors are indicators of how that person will develop as an adult. Personality traits as well as traumatic events can influence a person’s actions later on in life, how†¦show more content†¦Even more alarming is that, according to the Canadians for Animal Welfare Reform, fifty percent of school shooters have histories of animal cruelty (2010). It is potential public dangers such as these that should be receiving more attention. On April 22, 1992, a young man named Adam Lanza was born. He quickly progressed through his years and was praised for his intelligence although he was diagnosed with Asperger’s and OCD. He never completed his full years at high school but continued to be taught at home and at the Western Connecticut State University. Family members assumed his weird outbursts and aggression towards animals were just an increase of Asperger’s but, they were actually the signs of a psychotic break. December 14, 2012, Adam Lanza became notorious for the massive killing spree at Sandy Hook Elementary. He took the lives of twenty children from ages six to seven and six staff members. He had killed his mother earlier in the day, then proceeded to the Elementary School armed with his mother’s Bushmaster XM15-E2S rifle. This event brought sorrow to the nation and made it question if they were ever able to prevent this situation. According to Gail F. Melson (2013), who wrote the article, â€Å"Do Mass Killers Start Out by Harming Pets?†, this horrific event could had been stopped if they were aware of the warning signs. Melson writes, â€Å"While there are no easy answers, animal abuse may be one of thoseShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Animal Rights1975 Words   |  8 PagesThe subject matter at hand, is whether animals should have rights or not? Following two opposing views by Tom Regan and Carl Cohen. However, before getting into more detail on their positions, what exactly is animal rights? As simple as it may seem, animal rights is exactly defined by its own term. Animal rights is simply moral privileges that should be considered for all non-human animals due to the fact that it is typically argued that these non-human animals encompass some form of emotional painRead MoreSeen From Above Poem Analytical Essay838 Words   |  4 PagesEssay About Poem â€Å"Seen From Above† by Wislawa Szymborska Second Draft Perceiving Real Importance Does a beetle’s death require as much thoughtful consideration as a human’s? Is a beetle only less significant as a human due to the contrasting proportions? Does size matter at all? A dead beetle lies on a path through a field and is meditated on for only a glance. The passing person then continues the right of way. Wislawa Szymborska attempts to change our ideas of death to comprehend that evenRead MoreKant And Mill On Animal Ethics Essay1365 Words   |  6 Pagesbegin by explaining the overall views of Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill, then compare and contrast the ideas and philosophies of Kant and Mill on Animal Ethics. I believe that Kant, the deontologist, will not care as much about the duty/responsibility between humans and animals as Mill, the utilitarian, who will see the extreme importance of animal ethics. After studying and explaining the views and teachings of these two philosophers I will see if my thesis was correct, and choose which philosopherRead MoreAll Animals Are Equal By Essay1193 Words   |  5 PagesArgumentative Essay: All Animals are Equal In his book all animals are equal, Singer argues that human beings should extend to non-human species the same equality of consideration that is extended to fellow human beings. He based his argument on the fact that past liberation movements aimed at condemning discriminations based on gender and sex had been declared absurd at their onset, but had later on yielded fruits. This discrimination against animals, he argues, is similar to these past discriminationsRead MoreSzymborska Ioc1595 Words   |  7 Pagesthe value of life of a human vastly outweighs that of an animal – or in the case of this poem, an insect. In ‘Seen from Above’, Szymborska underscores the ingrained interpretation of the pecking order of life, which we take for granted. What does this mean? We as humans do not stop and ruminate the tragedy of the death of a bird, or mourn the passing of an ant. We see the life of a human as higher up on the pecking order than that of animals, and while we may not consciously register this belief everydayRead MoreEssay on ANIMAL RIGHTS790 Words   |  4 PagesAnimals have their own rights as do to humans and we should respect that and give them the same respect we give each other. Animals deserve to be given those same basic rights as humans. All humans are considered equal and ethical principles and legal statutes should protect the rights of animals to live according to their own nature and remain free from exploitation. This paper is going to argue that animals deserve to have the same rights as humans and therefore, we don’t have the right to killRead MoreThe Safety And Welfare Of The Wild Animals927 Words   |  4 Pagesquestion if wild animals should live in city zoos is a question that has come up qui te often. There are multiple opinions, pros and cons to the safety and welfare of the wild animals. Zoo officials do not take notice of the harm in keeping the wild animals away from their natural environment, they contemplate it more as keeping the animals in a safe environment where they can thrive and acquire the utmost care. Not everybody has the same mindset on this issue. Many animal rights activist groups andRead MoreNapoleon Gained Power over Animal Farm811 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the novel â€Å"Animal Farm† by George Orwell, Napoleon gained, managed and maintained his power over the animals of the farm. Napoleon gained power over the animals by using force, propaganda, manipulating the animals and sending his opposition into exile. His style of leadership involved using the media to support his decisions, enforcing a variety of new laws and using fear to keep himself in a position of superiority over the other animals. By changing events to his advantage an d implementingRead MoreAnimal Rights And Utilitarianism1063 Words   |  5 PagesAnimal Rights and Utilitarianism Peter Singer argues, in regard to animal rights, that equal beings with equal interests should be considered equally. Singer makes three claims about equality to support his position; equality is based on equal consideration, speciesism is unjustified, and the ability to feel pain makes one worthy of moral consideration. He believes equal interests deserve equal treatment, and guidelines for having interests concern sentience; the ability to experience suffering.Read MoreThe Moral Equality Of Animals Vs Humans1428 Words   |  6 PagesThe Moral Equality of Animals vs Humans The discretion between animal versus human equality has been a controversial subject for many years. Philosophers and activists have pushed this matter into debate among the general society in our culture. What exactly is moral equality for animals? Some say it is equal rights to animals, and others say it is equal consideration of the animal. To understand the scope of equality based on rights, one must unfold the determination of a right in itself. Carl Cohen

Aim Of Affirmative Action - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1306 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/08/02 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Affirmative Action Essay Did you like this example? Affirmative action was created in an effort to change unequal distribution of benefits including positions, income, and property. Since its execution in the United States at 1965, affirmative action has been the hot issue of discussion causing quite a stir in all aspects.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Affirmative action has been encouraged by the government since the mid 1960s, when chairman Lyndon B. Johnson put government contractors to accept favorable action programs. At the moment, the nation struggled with social, racial, gender, and economic inequality. The concept of affirmative action was set in place with the intention that it would allow disadvantaged minorities, disabled individuals, and women access to equal opportunity employment and educational opportunities. It is the operation of a business or political office in which it makes particular rights of hiring or development to social minorities to make up for previous discrimination against minority. However, many individuals are against affirmation action claiming that it creates reverse discrimination. Because of this, it is unlawful to establish quotas and to meet them entirely from the race or gender. This way, we can be proactive and reduce the chances of reverse discrimination. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Aim Of Affirmative Action" essay for you Create order   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Clearly, quotas are illegal. The idea of quotas-hiring people because of ethnicity or gender regardless of qualifications-has never been sanctioned, and is only justified in rare instances when the court deems it so. Just as clear, however, is the fact that, given human nature, the idea of goals and preferences can sometimes change drastically when it comes time for individuals to implement them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the late-60s and early70s, Americans believed that there would always be enough jobs for everyone. They believed that African Americans who had been left out and discriminated for so long, could finally be included in the equal opportunities without others suffering any of the same economic effects as African Americans. Clearly, that was not the case and that belief no longer exists. Also taking the economic downturn to these trends into consideration, it is easy to understand why many believe its time to reexamine the policies. When there are less opportunities and more people fighting for them, then with affirmative action, they are told that some kind of special treatment will be given to somebody else from a minority group, people will definitely become upset. Today, the question of whether affirmative action does or does not cause reverse discrimination is asked quite often. Those who oppose affirmative action would say yes, while affirmative acti on advocates would say no. As an opponent of affirmative, Frederick R. Lynch, believes that affirmative action makes a color blind society difficult to achieve, if not impossible. Affirmative action, which started out as a means to attain nondiscrimination and equal opportunity, wound up trying to allocate opportunities on the basis of only the two variables of race and gender. The case Brown V. Board of Education is widely known. Linda Brown had to walk a mile every day to get to school. After attempts of trying to get into the school closer to home, Lindas family was turned away along with other black families. These parents got together to sue the School Board stating that segregation deprived them from equal protection under the 14th Amendment. The case was taken all the way to the Supreme Court, providing sociological data that would later help in the court ruling that separation is a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. Cases like this are the reason that the idea of affirmative action was first needed or thought about. There should be a way for minorities to be able to have an equal opportunity   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main goal for affirmative action is to create and provide equal opportunities for all, as well as the opportunity to have equal outcomes. Every individual should have the same chance to complete something while education and success is so important. Affirmative action programs makes this possible by trying to ensure that everyone from a minority group gets extra special access to schools and jobs since they would not have the same opportunity as others. However, there are always some downfalls with a new ideas. In 1978, Allan P. Bakke attempted entrance into a medical school but was refused for entrance barely missing one of the spots reserved for general admissions. After being rejected two years in a row, while individuals from the special admissions program were accepted with simnifically lower scores, Bakke filed sue towards the University of California, becoming a vital part of the affirmative action process. His case California V. Bakke, stated that special admissions process violates the Equal Protection Clause and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act and the court ruled in his favor. They decided that schools could still consider race as a factor in the admissions process, but only if it was one of many admissions factors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Affirmative action gets the support of some people, as it is perceived in the direction towards equality. Affirmative action is basically established from a virtuous and equitable structure with the greatest objectives. As a result, various organizations and segments of public and community support this idea that has been the important driving influence at the success of favorable action like promoting diversity. Diversity as one element among more in college education admissions was later upheld at the Supreme courts 2003 verdict of Grutter V. Bollinger. Barbra Grutter was a successful business owner and similarly, her application to Michigan Law School was also denied despite her academic qualifications. She was first waitlisted, before later being denied due to what she called racial discrimination. She said that by taking race into consideration, minorities were given an unfair advantage over her, violating the 14th Amendments Equal Protection Clause. However, when the case got to the Supreme Court, they decided that yes, a University could consider race in their application process all while being able to state a compelling reason for classifying based on race and show that the policy is narrowly tailored to further that interest.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When the concept of affirmative action was introduced, it is clear that it was thought of to ensure equal opportunity for all. In no way, was it put in place to make decisions regarding hiring and promotion processes based on race and/or gender. Some employers think that having affirmative action implemented in their company is necessary to comply with the requirements of the Equal Opportunity Laws. Employers mainly implement formal affirmative action programs as a condition of doing business with the government, however an affirmative action program could again be required by a court as well like a remedy for discrimination in the past. The degree to which affirmative action programs seek to get rid of or to reduce discrimination differs widely. Some programs just establish reviews of the hiring procedures for minorities and other affected groups while other programs explicitly favor members of   just one group. In these affirmative action programs, mi nimal work requirements are used to produce the pool of eligible applicants from which members are given choice. Affirmative action involves smaller businesses in two important ways. Firstly, keeping jobs with 15 or more employees from discriminating on the ground of race, color, gender, religion, public origin, and personal ability at practices relating to hiring, compensating, promoting, training, and firing employees.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Affirmative action has been a hot topic of discussion since the idea was created and started, so the question has to be asked. Is affirmative action really useful in efficient enough to cause this big debate about. I believe affirmative action was a great concept with very good intentions, however, when the concept is starting up the same problem, there should certainly be another way to deal with it. Discrimination is real and affirmative action is a great start as a method to take on that challenge. However, I do not believe that this will help that situation.

Strategies Used by Rite Aid Pharmacy - 1852 Words

Leah Morris MGMT 441 * Rite Aid Pharmacy * Headquarters: Camp Hill, Pennsylvania * CEO: John T. Standley * Mission Statement: To be a successful chain of friendly, neighborhood drugstores. Our knowledgeable, caring associates work together to provide a superior pharmacy experience, and offer everyday products and services that help our valued customers lead healthier, happier lives. * NYSE, RAD, $1.90 (Taken March 28, 2013) Business Strategy Analysis Rite Aid Pharmacy is positioning itself in the national drug retailer industry as a cost leadership company. The cost leadership strategy focuses on â€Å"gaining advantages by reducing costs below those of competitors† (Barney amp; Hesterly, 2012). Firms pursuing a†¦show more content†¦(EDER 1998) By keeping their employees training consistent and investing in the newest technology, Rite Aid is taking steps to maintain a cost leadership strategy. Another strategic step Rite Aid has taken is implementing the wellness + loyalty program in 2010. This is a free program for customers that provide incentives to members who enroll based on how many points they accumulate for prescription purchases. You are able to achieve a Fold, Silver and Bronze level in this program. Rite Aid stated that those involved in the wellness + have higher purchases than their non-member customers and they also achieve larger prescription retentions. Wellness + members can also able to receive more rewards and additional savings for future shopping trips. Rite Aid continues to add more enhancements to this program making it more appealing to their customers. They recently added â€Å"Load2Card† which is a coupon management program and Rite Aid is the first drug retailer to implement this program. This allows customers to â€Å"save, manage and redeem Rite Aid and manufacturer coupons available throughout the internet via their wellness + cardâ⠂¬  (Rite Aid 2012). Rite Aid has also formed a strategic alliance with GNC under which they have opened over 2,100 GNC ‘‘stores- within-Rite Aid-stores’’ GNC is a leading nationwide retailer of vitamin and mineral supplements, personal care, fitness and other health-related products. (Rite Aid 2012)Show MoreRelatedCvs Marketing Development Essay example1543 Words   |  7 PagesIn order to sustain the market share in this highly competitive industry the pharmacies have to establish and maintain strong working relationships with PBMs that have power to divest particular clients from a pharmacy by denying reimbursement privileges to their customers. Buyer Power Strong It is not hard to obtain the same drugs from different sources so the customer loyalty is virtually non-existent and the pharmacies have to try extremely hard to sustain their consumer base. Threats of substitutesRead MoreMission And Target Market Of Rite Aid Pharmacy4505 Words   |  19 PagesContents Introduction 1 Key Personnel 1 Financial Overview 2 Mission and Target Market 3 Competitive Strategy 4 Retail Mix 7 Industry Analysis 8 Competitors 10 Customer Demographics 11 Swot Analysis 13 Summary 15 Introduction Being involved in the US retail drugstore industry, Rite Aid Pharmacy is the third largest drugstore chain, when comparing number of stores and revenue, in the United States. Operating around 4,623 stores in 31 states, with majority of their store placement located on theRead MoreCVS Marketing Development Essays1508 Words   |  7 PagesIn order to sustain the market share in this highly competitive industry the pharmacies have to establish and maintain strong working relationships with PBMs that have power to divest particular clients from a pharmacy by denying reimbursement privileges to their customers. Buyer Power Strong It is not hard to obtain the same drugs from different sources so the customer loyalty is virtually non-existent and the pharmacies have to try extremely hard to sustain their consumer base. Threats of substitutesRead MoreWalgreens Company Analysis and Integration Strategy Essay10861 Words   |  44 PagesMission Walgreen Co. Introduction: Walgreen Co. (Walgreens) and its subsidiaries operate a drugstore chain in the United States. â€Å"The Company provides its customers with multichannel access to consumer goods and services, and pharmacy, health and wellness services in communities across America† (Walgreen Company). The firm currently operates two mail-order facilities and has 7,752 retail drug stores located across all 50 US states, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the District of ColumbiaRead More A Strategic Analysis of Walgreens and the Retail Drugstore Industry 17582 Words   |  71 Pagesthen focus on Walgreens, the industry leader in terms of sales. As part of the in-depth analysis of Walgreens, its major competitors will also be described and analyzed. The retail drugstore industry consists of all those stores that contain a pharmacy and sell prescription drugs. It also includes businesses that sell prescription drugs online and through the mail. Most retail drugstores also offer other consumer goods and services to augment the low margin earned on prescription sales. To beRead MoreSwot Analysis in Drug Store Industry947 Words   |  4 Pagesindustry consists of neighborhood pharmacies, large drug store chains and supermarkets or general retailers with drug store departments. Competition within the industry is strong as retailers adapt to changing trends in the market and seek to retain customers. Drug stores face several critical issues. Low margins on prescription drugs may push drug stores to expand front store merchandise sales where they compete with discount stores or into related businesses such as Pharmacy Benefit Management. The problemRead MoreCvs Caremark Strategic Analysis Essay3176 Words   |  13 PagesCaremark: A Case Analysis Current Situation CVS Pharmacy is the retail division of CVS Caremark. It is also one of the largest Pharmacy Retail Chains in the country and operates more than 7,400 stores domestically. Although the retail pharmaceutical division of this corporation accounts for a significant amount of this company’s success, CVS Caremark focuses more on its corporate strategy to compete with other industry rivals such as Walgreens and Rite Aid. Considering CVS Caremark is the result of theRead MoreWalgreens Strategic Plan2513 Words   |  11 PagesI. Strategic Business Planning A firm’s strategic business plan should consist of its mission, future direction, performance targets and strategy. Walgreens’ corporate strategy, as reflected in its mission statement1, is to provide the most convenient access to healthcare services and consumer goods in America15. To help facilitate this, the company employs such things as online sales, online prescription refill capabilities, offers community health care clinics and monitors the effectivenessRead MoreOwn Unique Way Of Running A Store. Sometimes Merchandising1291 Words   |  6 Pageswant their customers to be healthy. An area of opportunity would be to implement health in the stores as well. For example, a designated location in the store that displays healthy, organic food would allow for healthier shopping. This idea can be used for organic beauty products and natural vitamins as well. Because health awareness is a very big movement, this could allow Sneerglaw to grow their sales. Also, since co nvenience is an essential aspect to the organization, having a designated locationRead MoreL Eggs Distribution Channels Essay1442 Words   |  6 Pagesbased upon this interaction. Their indirect channel include retail stores, Hanes B2B (wholesale orders), and affiliate programs. L eggs hosiery can be found in sixteen retail store locations throughout the U.S. Some of these stores include CVS Pharmacy, Rite Aid, Walgreens, Target, Walmart, Safeway and Kroger. By using intermediaries such as retail stores, Hanes can increase their profit and reach a broader customer pool. Through their Hanes B2B program, retail businesses can now place wholesale orders

Agency and Deterministic Approaches in Organisations

Question: Discuss about theAgency and Deterministic Approaches in Organisations. Answer: The theory of agency can be defined as the theory that human beings are capable of original ideas and are capable of acting in a particular fashion. The theory also recognises that human beings are capable of either acting or adapting to turn the effects of external environment to their own advantages. The deterministic theory as opposed to agency theory, proposes that human beings have no power to control or innovate. The theory further believes that external environment controls the actions of human beings and that man has no control over his environment. If the paradigm wars of the two theories are applied in case of the corporate organisations, they come into play in a big way. The agency theory states that individuals can control their actions which correspond to the internal environment of the organisations. The deterministic theory speaks about uncontrollable and formidable external environment which can be interpreted as the macroeconomic environment. External or macroeconomi c environmental environment impact the organisations and require them to form strategies to adapt to it. The organisations form their internal policies or microeconomic environment which they control to adapt to and take advantage of the external environment. Thus, it is possible to reconcile these two theories because no organisation is beyond the effects of the external environment and again all organisations make their own internal environment to use the external environment to their profit. Hence, these two theories come together to form the universal organisational theories which means organisation balance between these two theories. The organisations are under the strong impact of the external world or environment which decides every aspect and operations of them. To start with, organisations are totally dependent on the external environment which corresponds to the deterministic theory. The external environment is made up of political, economic, social, technological, environmental and environmental summarised as PESTEL. The political factors like laws and policies are the determining factors of the corporate world. The factor is more prominent and crucial for the international companies compared t their national and small scale alternatives. The laws formed by the international bodies like the European Union and the national governments determine the strategies and policies framed by the companies. For example, companies have to frame their policies according to the laws like taxation, labour and so on. The multinational companies like Unilever and ThyssenKrupp have to abide by the export laws pertaining to fr ee trade and subsidies set by European Union while trading with the European countries. The European airline companies can take advantage of the EU-India agreement to operate flights (ec.europa.eu 2017). It goes without saying that the laws formed by the governments and the international bodies are not under the control of the organisations which correspond to the deterministic approach. Air France the airline company of France operates flight services in India based on the EU-India agreement but cannot spread it into other nations (Airfrance.com 2017). Thus, organisations make internal policies to take advantage of the laws. Here, it can be opined that organisations apply agency theory to deal with deterministic theory. The make innovative products and services of their own to expand into countries confirming to the laws (Epstein and Buhovac 2014). Thus the paradigm wars between these two theories make the organisations form strategies to thrive in the market. The companies are dependent on the external environment because they acquire materials and labour from the communities, thus confirming to the deterministic approach. The structural contingency theory states that there is no specific way to deal with challenges. For example, the MNCs like Unilever acquire raw materials from the supply chains in various countries. They manufacture and markets over hundreds of products like soaps, ice creams, tea, coffee, tooth pastes, food products and so on. The company owing to its vast product line buys materials from a large number of suppliers. The company recon ciliates between the deterministic and the agency approach by forming market based business strategies. The company maintains a high quality supply chain so that its products confirm to the requirements pertaining to the product quality and standard (Unilever global company website 2017). Failure to confirm to the material standards and requirements can have detrimental effects of the mar ket position of companies and lead to losses worth billions. Nestle, the largest manufacturer and marketer of food products in the world owns the brand Maggi noodles. Maggi is consumed by millions of people all round the world among which India is one of the leading consumers. The test on Maggi found presence of harmful chemicals in the noodle products which led to its ban in the country (The Indian Express 2017). The ban resulted in losses worth billions of dollars and weakening of the market position of Nestle. The food giant in order to counteract the losses ran advertisements and online campaigns to restore faith in the product (Bhushan 2017). The first example, the ban on Maggi was an example of deterministic theory because Nestle had no control over it. The advertisement campaigns run by Nestle exemplified the attempt of the company to deal with the external change or the ban. Thus companies take steps to deal with external impacts like government ban which proves deterministi c and agency theories coexist in the modern organisations. The resource dependence theory states how external environment affects the internal policies of the companies. The companies have to acquire resources like human resources and material resources from the external identities like suppliers. The organisations obtain human resources from labour markets to commence their operations. Their talented employees using their qualifications, skills and competencies perform functions which earn them their market positions. The organisations should provide their human resources legitimate compensations and facilities in return of their services (Lee and Kim 2014). The laws and policies pertaining to the employment of human resources are formed by government which are beyond the control of the organisations. The Fair Work Act 2009 governs the employer and employee relationship in Australia. The act provides for minimum compensation, flexible working hours and fairness of work opportunities to the workers in Australia (Fair Work Ombudsman 2017). Th e act exemplifies deterministic theory because the companies have no control over the government but has to abide by it. They frame innovative work policies for their employees to incorporate the act in their employment policies. Telstra, the leading telecommunication company of Australian origin provides facilities like health benefits and flexible working hours confirming to the act. Thus, it shows Telstra is following to agency theory employee friendly policies to deal with the deterministic Fair Work Act 2009 (careers.telstra.com 2017). This discussion proves that organisations incorporate both the theories to develop their own organisational theories. Technology today plays crucial role in every aspect of the organisation and is dependent heavily on external factors like available resources and financial conditions of the countries. Adoption and diffusion of technology in organisations depend on the level of advancement prevailing in countries, natural resources and several factors over which they have no control. These factors impact their use of technology in production, operation and all other areas. The big multinational companies can invest in technology to acquire modern machineries and softwares to ease their operations. They over here can use their funds to acquire technology from the outside world over which they cannot exercise control. They can also use their financial and human resources to acquire them. Thus firms have no control over external environment and can only acquire machineries to adapt to it. Big corporate giants like PG and Microsoft can acquire technology to bring about innovation in their products and wa ys of operations (Blomkvist, Kappen and Zander 2014). The small companies cannot afford to acquire modern technology and mass produce goods. Here it can opined that the scarcity of funds inhibit small companies from inducing modern technology. Thus the discussion reveals that financial and resources strength can be used to deal with external deterministic factors. Stiff competition to acquire leading position in the industry requires the companies to manage institution ad population ecology, funds and technology to ensure exploitation of external market. The multinational companies apply various organisational theories in their work environment to optimise their organisational culture. They have horizontal structures of bureaucratic control which ensures efficient decision making machinery built after Webers theory (Fukuyama 2013). These companies manage their employees scientifically and strategically after the Taylors scientific management theory (Morse, Babcock and Murthy 2014). They divide their total target into several parts which they distribute among the departments based on area of expertise and specialisation. This division of labour follows the organisational theory by Adam Smith and is aligned to the business goals of the organisations (Durkheim 2014). Thus the companies combine strategies and organisational theories to control the ir resources to take operate in efficient ways. They bring about innovations and researches to use their resources to adapt to the external deterministic factors in the environment. For example, the companies carry out continuous innovations and researches to introduce new products and improve the existing ones to cater to the growing customer needs. The customers, materials and human resources are not generated by the companies but the organisational structures and products are. The first three are components of the specific markets which are not under the control of the companies. The companies acquire these resources to gain competitive advantage in the market. Thus, application of agency theory to develop or acquire resources helps them to deal with deterministic environment. The MNCs develop universal organisations culture based on several theories to suit their structures and business goals. Thus, organisational theories and strategies are expressions of the agency theories wh ich can be adopted to adapt to stand the external environment challenges. The most challenging situation the organisations face from external environment is the challenge to generate huge profit by operating in sustainable ways. The companies involved in sectors like mining, manufacturing, energy production and construction provide the raw material and support system to all other industries. They are among the highest revenue earning companies in the world and come under strict supervision of national and international bodies. They also generate high amount of pollutants during the course of the production which brings them under the purview of environmental laws. These companies are investing hugely in technology and infrastructures to shift towards sustainable and environment friendly production. For example, Renault is concentrating on manufacturing vehicles using electricity as fuel to cut down pollution caused by petrol and diesel smoke emission. The company is determined to ensure ethical practices to ensure benefit of stakeholders like employees, sh areholders and society at large (Group.renault.com 2017). Thus, this example once again shows that the companies can adapt their strategies and operations to deal with the impact of the external market. The macro environment represents the deterministic external forces over which the companies have on power. The agency functions tell that organisations are capable of bringing about innovation to deal with the external deterministic market. They develop their own business models after the agency theory which helps them to sustain the stiff competition (Chesbrough 2013). The competitive market experiences entry of new firms which challenge the existing firms. The multinational companies acquire firms or enter into joint ventures to enter new markets. This poses challenge to the existing companies but they cannot prevent the entry(Brush 2015). Wipro acquired heritage beauty cosmetic brand Yardley to enter the premium beauty segments. The company manufactures after shave lotions and poses stiff competition to the existing brands like Axe by Unilever and Old Spice by PG (The Times of India 2017). The two companies namely Unilever and PG are known for their deep understanding of changing consumer needs. These two companies bring about new products and introduced better versions of existing products to deal with threats from new entries. PG owns two men accessories brands, Old Spice and Gillette. The company under its brand Gillette introduces razors, shaving creams and shaving creams having modern technology to provide superior comfort to the users (News.gillette.com 2017). The above example clearly shows that companies introduce new innovative products to deal with the threats from new companies and substitutes. The above discussions list variety of impacts provided by the external environment over which the organisations have no control like government laws and new emerging competitors. These impacts represent the deterministic nature of the market which forces companies to adapt to them. It can also be stated that the strategies formed by the companies to deal with these impacts help the companies to suit the impacts. These strategies taken by the companies correspond to the agency theory which upholds the power of the companies to form strategies and innovation to thrive in the market. The companies form their unique business strategies according to their organisation structures to create their own business models. Thus, the fact that organisations form their own theories to balance the tow former theories is justified and proved. References: Airfrance.com. 2017. Airplane tickets - flight offers to Europe, USA ... | Air France India. [online] Available at: https://www.airfrance.com/cgi-bin/AF/IN/en/common/home/flights/ticket-plane.do [Accessed 7 May 2017]. Bhushan, R. 2017. Maggi ban impact: Nestle India may take 3 years to recover Read more at: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/51114562.cms?utm_source=contentofinterestutm_medium=textutm_campaign=cppst. [online] https://economictimes.indiatimes.com. Available at: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/cons-products/food/maggi-ban-impact-nestle-india-may-take-3-years-to-recover/articleshow/51114562.cms [Accessed 7 May 2017]. Blomkvist, K., Kappen, P. and Zander, I., 2014. Win, place, or show? How foreign investment strategies contribute to the technological growth of the multinational corporation.Long range planning,47(1), pp.16-31. Brush, C.G., 2015. Export Entry in Small Companies: Effecs of Timing on Strategy and Performance.Journal of Small Business Strategy,7(3), pp.53-68. Chesbrough, H., 2013.Open business models: How to thrive in the new innovation landscape. Harvard Business Press. Durkheim, E., 2014.The division of labor in society. Simon and Schuster. ec.europa.eu. 2017. International aviation: India - Mobility and Transport - European Commission. [online] Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/transport/modes/air/international_aviation/country_index/india_en [Accessed 7 May 2017]. Epstein, M.J. and Buhovac, A.R., 2014.Making sustainability work: Best practices in managing and measuring corporate social, environmental, and economic impacts. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Fair Work Ombudsman. 2017. Welcome to the Fair Work Ombudsman website. [online] Available at: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/about-us/legislation [Accessed 7 May 2017]. Fukuyama, F., 2013. What is governance?.Governance,26(3), pp.347-368. Group.renault.com. 2017. Our corporate social responsibility principles. [online] Available at: https://group.renault.com/en/commitments/vision-of-social-responsability/social-responsability-principles/ [Accessed 8 May 2017]. https://careers.telstra.com. 2017. [online] Available at: https://careers.telstra.com/Why-Work-Here [Accessed 7 May 2017]. Lee, S.Y. and Kim, J.H., 2014. Effects of servicescape on perceived service quality, satisfaction and behavioral outcomes in public service facilities.Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering,13(1), pp.125-131. Morse, L.C., Babcock, D.L. and Murthy, M., 2014.Managing engineering and technology. Pearson. News.gillette.com. 2017. Gillette Launches New Fusion ProShield with Lubrication Before and After the Blades to Shield against Irritation | Gillette News. [online] Available at: https://news.gillette.com/press-release/product-news/gillette-launches-new-fusion-proshield-lubrication-and-after-blades-shiel [Accessed 8 May 2017]. The Indian Express. 2017. Ban on Maggi: High Court lifts ban, orders fresh tests within 6 weeks. [online] Available at: https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/ban-on-maggi-lifted-bombay-hc-orders-fresh-test-of-noodle-samples/ [Accessed 7 May 2017]. The Times of India. 2017. Wipro buys Yardley's EU business - Times of India. [online] Available at: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Wipro-buys-Yardleys-EU-business/articleshow/15128942.cms [Accessed 8 May 2017]. Unilever global company website. 2017. Supply chain. [online] Available at: https://www.unilever.com/careers/professionals/supply-chain/ [Accessed 7 May 2017].

National Economic Policy in Australia

Introduction Terms of trade are an important measure of economic performance. It refers to the ratio of export prices to import prices. If reflects the capacity for a given volume of Australias exports to pay for a given volume of its imports.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on National Economic Policy in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Improved terms of trade is significant to Australia since it enables the country to indulge in the purchase of more imports given its level of exports to the rest of the world. However, volatility in a countrys terms of trade results in volatility in investment, consumer spending, inflation, and economic growth. Consequently it makes macro-economic management extremely difficult (Gruen 2011, p. 5). Reasons for the Main Movements in Australia’s Terms of Trade over the Last Decade Impacts of Major World Economic Events Global economic conditions have been one of the k ey drivers of Australias term of trade in the past decade. In particular, previous cycles in economic growth among Australia’s main trading partners and the Great 7 (G7) countries have often resulted in swings in Australia’s terms of trade. These swings were mainly evident in the post 2007 global financial crisis. According to Australia Treasury (2012, p. 9), Australias terms of trade has suffered from the ongoing recession in the Euro area, slow recovery in the United States and reduced demand in the emerging Asian economies. These volatilities in international economic growth rates have consequently resulted in volatility in Australias terms of trade. Diversification of Australia’s Export Base Compared to the 1970s and 80s, Australia’s volatility in terms of trade has significantly declined from the 90s to present. This decline is attributed to export diversification efforts. Australia diversified its exports especially in terms of its industrial sector (Valadkhani, Layton Karunaratne, 2005, p. 295). Traditionally, primary products were the dominant exports (mining and agricultural products).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, in the recent past the country has diversified to manufacturing and of late the services sector. The performance of the country beginning from the year 200 onwards in terms of knowledge intensive exports was good. Currently, China is the leading importer of Australias services (Austrade 2012, p. 1). Decline in Price of Australia’s Exports Australia is a resource rich nation exporting metal ore and minerals. In the 1980s and 1990s, rapid industrialization and urbanization in China resulted in strong growth in the demand for Australias major commodity exports. The strong demand from Asia, and expectations that the demand will continue to grow drove commodity prices to high levels and attr acted record investments in Australias resources industry (Gregory 2011, p. 44). However, in the past decade, Australia witnessed adecline in prices for these resources in the international market in the past decade has in turn adversely affected the countrys terms of trade. For example, in 2009, slow growth in the Chinese economy resulted in a high trade deficit for Australia given that China is one of the countrys major trading partners. According to the (Australian 2012, p. 1), in October 2012, earnings from minerals and metal ore declined by 7% as a result of the falling prices in the international market. In fact major mining companies in Australia such as Rio Tinto and BHP Billiton deferred investing billions into the mining sector and instead chose close their mines because of the declining prices and Australias poor currency strength. Impact of a Decline in the Terms of Trade on the Australian Economy Mundell-Flemming Model Under the model, international and domestic interes t rates are assumed to the same. Australia being an open economy, we analyze the effect of a decline in the terms of trade in the short run using the Mundell-Flemming Model. Australias GDP (Y) is a function of consumption (C= C(Y-T); Investment (I(r)); Government Expenditure (G), and Net Exports (NX(e)). The model has three equations:Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on National Economic Policy in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More IS equation = Y = C (Y-T)+G+I(r)+ NX(e) where Y is income, C- consumption, G, government expenditure, T- taxes, and NX(e)- representing net exports. LM equation = M/P = L (r,Y), where M/P is the money supply, L is liquidity as a function of income and interest rate. Interest Rate equation = r=r*where r is the fixed interest rate When the economy is at equilibrium, it is depicted by the diagram below: A decline in Australias terms of trade affects the economy through the IS curve. When import prices are more than export prices, the IS curve shifts inwards to the left from IS0 to IS1. Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Given that interest rates are fixed at r, the money supply in the economy reduces from LM0 to LM1. Output or income in the economy drops from Y0 to Y1, and the economy attains a new equilibrium but at a reduced level of output. These changes affect several macroeconomic variables: Australias Gross Domestic Product declines because the inward shift of the goods market (IS curve) implies reduced demand. Consumption, investment, government expenditure and net exports all decline. In addition, Australia is likely to suffer from unfavorable balance of payments. This is because more of the countrys exports will be required to purchase a given volume of imports. Similarly, as the country’s GDP declines, investments in the economy are discouraged resulting into slow economic growth and high unemployment rate. Furthermore, a decline in the terms of trade is equally likely to lead into inflation in the Australian economy. From the figure above, the inward shift in the IS curve forces t he government to pursue a contractionary monetary policy. Consequently, the amount of money in circulation is reduced. This adversely affects the economy as banks resort to tighten their lending policies. This further discourages investment by firms and households worsening the unemployment problem and slowing economic growth. The changes equally affect Australias real exchange rate. The fact that Australia’s exports can purchase few of its imports implies that its exports are cheaper. This equally indicates that the Australian dollar is weak compared to foreign currencies. Foreign countries will require less of their currency to purchase Australian dollars. However, this impacts negatively on the domestic importers. Importers must have more Australian dollars in order to purchase a given volume of foreign currency before importing products and services from those countries. Similarly, Australia will suffer from foreign exchange deficits. Given the unfavorable terms of trade, Australia will be using more foreign exchange to purchase a given volume of imports. However, with low prices for domestic products and services in the international market, the foreign exchange received from exports will be the less than the foreign exchange used to imports goods and services. Implications for Monetary and Fiscal Policy of the Decline in the Terms of Trade As already noted, a decline in a countrys terms of trade is equivalent to an increase in the price of imports relative to exports. If Australias export prices decline relative to its imports, the country will not only have a low standard of living, but will also have less ability to purchase imports. A prolonged deterioration in terms of trade can result in low GDP and poor living standards. Because of this, the objective of monetary and fiscal policy is to stimulate aggregate demand and increase exports Expansionary Fiscal Policy To stimulate demand, the government will pursue an expansionary fiscal policy by i ncreasing government expenditure and reducing taxes. From the aggregate demand function, an increase in government expenditure G will increase aggregate demand and increase economic growth. AD= C+G+I + (X-M) With a decline interms of trade, then economys real GDP falls to a low level Y0. At this level investments, consumption and output are low. The economy suffers from high unemployment. The government can correct this using fiscal policy by increasing its expenditure and reducing taxes. This shifts the aggregate demand curve outwards to the right from AD0 to AD1, income is increased from the original Y0 to Y1. The government can inject more money into the economy by investing in infrastructure and productive activities to boost output and growth. Through a reduction in taxes, some of the goods that were initially imported can be produced in the domestic economy thereby improving the countrys GDP by increasing income, output and employment. Expansionary Monetary Policy With the l ow output arising from the decline in terms of trade, the government through the central can pursue an expansionary monetary policy. The IS-LM diagram above indicates the economic changes arising from the increase in money supply. Initially, the economy is at equilibrium with output Y0 and interest rate i0. However, owing to the deteriorating terms of trade, output Y0 is too low and is characterized by high unemployment, inadequate foreign exchange reserves, high import prices and low export prices (Reserve Bank of Australia 2013, p. 1). When the central bank increases money supply, the LM curve shifts outwards to the right from LM to LM, equilibrium output increases from the initial Y0 to Y1. The central bank can increase money supply by using three tools open market operation, discount rate and reserve requirements (The Australian, 2012). All the three tools whether used together or separately will have the effect of increasing the amount of money circulating within Australias eco nomy and bring down interest rates. The low interest rates coupled with extra supply of money will stimulate Australias economy by encouraging additional expenditures on total production, in particular investment and consumption expenditures. With the increased aggregate production, the country uses more resources, creates more jobs and unemployment declines (Lowe 2012, p. 8). This is the stimulation the Australian economy needs in a situation of deteriorating terms of trade with high rates of unemployment. Given that the effects of monetary policy on the economy are not usually immediate, it is recommended that the policy should be implemented immediately there are signs of declining terms of trade. In conclusion the volatility in Australias terms of trade over the past decade has been a direct result of various factors both internal and external. These include global events; drop in commodity prices in the international market and the move by Australia to diversify its exports. Li st of References Austrade 2012, Latest from Austrade: China now Australia’s top destination for services exports – Austrade. Web. Gregory, RG 2011, Then and Now: Reflections on Two Australian Mining Booms, Centre for Strategic Economic Studies, Victoria University, Melbourne. Gruen, D 2011, The Macroeconomic and Structural Implications of a Once-in-a-Lifetime Boom in the Terms of Trade, Address to the Australian Business Economists, Sydney. Lowe, P 2012, The Changing Structure of the Australian Economy and Monetary Policy, Address to the Australian Industry Group 12th Annual Economic Forum, Sydney. Reserve Bank of Australia, 2013, Monetary Policy. Web. The Australian, 2012, Trade deficit widens as softer commodity prices hit exports. Web. Valadkhani, A, Layton, P Karunaratne, D 2005, ‘Sources of volatility in Australia’s export prices: evidence from ARCH and GARCH modeling’, Global Business and Economics Review, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 295-310. This essay on National Economic Policy in Australia was written and submitted by user Yoselin Gill to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Personality theories;Type and Trait essays

Personality theories;Type and Trait essays Before describing the major modern trait and type theories of personality the following key terms must be defined; trait, type and personality. A personality trait represents a continuous dimension and can be defined as a broad, stable and enduring characteristic which is used to explain behaviour (Phares Pervin The major modern trait and type theories of Gordon Allport, Raymond Cattell, Hans Eysenck and the Big Five vary in their approach and methods in their attempts to understand personality, yet all share the belief that personality can be understood and individual's behaviour could be explained and described by the use of types and traits. The trait and type personality psychologists used three methods in identifying important traits and types; the lexical approach, meaning the more important a word is the more often it will appear in language, the theoretical approach which focuses on the most significant dispositions and the statistical approach where extensive data is mathamatically analysed {Liebert and Spiegler, 1990) to support their theories outlined in this essay. Allport is considered to be the founder of the modern type and trait school. Allport with Odbert, became the first researchers to conducted a lexical study of personality descriptors {cited in Ewen, 1940} and develop a system to classify traits. From the results of this study, Allport developed a theory which divided traits into three groups with varying degrees of influence; cardinal traits, central traits and secondary dispositions, which make up an individuals personali...

In the news Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

In the news - Essay Example tensive research on the native tribes around the area at that time aside from everything else about the American Revolution to keep the story as realistic as possible (Frum). This focus on keeping the history accurate is what sets this game apart from other games. Aside from providing entertainment, they also aim to let people experience history in a way that exceeds that of a book or a lecture. The enhanced storytelling provided by interactivity enriches the experience and brings history to life. Knowledge about marketing tells us that setting your product apart from others is a good way to attract customers. By delving into the history and making it interesting, the game becomes more than just playable; it also becomes memorable and encourages the consumers to talk about the product to other people. By making it interesting, people will buy the product and will talk about it, encouraging other people to buy the product. It just goes to show that in marketing, even the smallest attention to details can be significant in selling a product. If they had not hired a historian, the game would have lost its uniqueness of being relatable to

Java Game Programming, any future Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Java Game Programming, any future - Essay Example The main feature of Java is that it is a platform independent language. The program can be written only once in Java and can be compiled in any operating system. To be simple it is write once, run anywhere. It is an object oriented, multithreaded programming language. (King 2000 ). Although a lot has been said about its exponential advancement rates, Java still remains to be a secondary language in field of game development. Legacy languages like C and C++ still remains to be the most preferred language for game developers. This is said in accordance with only considering desktop and playstation games, since they are the major players in the gaming industry. But, most of the mobile games that are used today are being developed in Java. One can find a number of games in the internet that are built using Java Applets. It can be used in developing interactive games in web as well as mobile phones. So this creates a conundrum of thoughts. The following research deals with this conundrum and aims to explain as to why Java is still not yet as successful as its predecessors and tries to list out the demerits that disable it from attaining that status. It also aims at explaining the future of Java in game development, which certainly looks promising provided, its disa dvantages are overcome. . (Marner, 2002) A game can be defined as software with the sole pur... (Marner, 2002) Games can be categorized based on the environment in which they run. They are basically classified into computer based, console based, web based and mobile based games. Current scenario in the market shows that Windows PC dominates the computer based category and Sony does the same in console categories. Since these two fields dominate the gaming world, the entire discussion is done considering only the above two technologies.(Mencher et al, 2004) Java - the language Before identifying the tools and technologies used with Java language, it is necessary to know few basic things about the language itself. First of all, it is based on Object Oriented Programming Concepts, commonly known as OOPS concepts. It involves higher abstraction level then C++ and provides more user flexibility. But still, it is far easier than C++ to learn. The important difference between these two languages is that in Java, there are no pointers and hence the learning and understanding is easier in Java. Basically, it consists of a Java platform, made up of two components; Java Virtual Machine and Java libraries. This platform instructs on how the Java program is run irrespective of the Operating System (OS) in which it is installed. The performance related issues that generally arise is due to the virtual machine. But with vast improvement in Java execution, several technologies have been developed which can be used in hand with the virtual environment. These include the H otSpot, Just-In-Time compilers and other embedded technologies. . (Marner, 2002) The current platform edition is Java SE 6 which has enhanced the user interface of application

Environmental problems Essay Example for Free

Environmental problems Essay There are numerous environmental problems facing our planet at the moment. Economic globalisation is causing destruction of rainforests in South America while boring a hole through the ozone layer, global warming occurs because of the increased emissions by transport and industries, melting of polar ice-caps is threatening low-lying coastal areas, damage of marine resources through overfishing is taking place, acid rain and pollution of soil and groundwater resources results from using chemicals and artificial fertilisers to boost crop output, incidence of hurricanes and other natural disasters is increasing. There is little consensus within both academic and lay circles as to whether the nature is able to cope with the environmental problems itself. In my opinion, ecosystems have a great potential of restoring the state of natural balance; however, the devastating influence of the humankind has significantly undermined this ability. At the dawn of the 21st century, environmental problems are looming large, and many processes are already irreversible. For instance, species that became extinct due to man’s activity could have been essential elements of certain food chains and habitants. The frequency of large-scale natural calamities, especially in the places that have been for a long time considered relatively safe, is a telling manifestation of the inability of nature to sustain its balanced state. Yet the film argues that today is exactly the day when the humanity can redeem its attitude to nature and prevent a global catastrophe. Therefore, the need for a different approach to the relations between the mankind and environment is necessary. It is imperative to carry on conservation and purification activities coupled with a persistent effort by both businesses and individuals to reduce (and, under the dream scenario, to stop) their environmentally damaging activities. Both individuals and corporations can make a considerable contribution to stopping (or at least slowing down) the degradation of the environment. In fact, many individuals seldom realize how their consumption patters are contributing to the aggravation of the situation. The culture of consumerism that constitutes the underlying philosophy of the West fuels unnecessary overproduction: reconsidering one’s consumption pattern can be the first step on the long way of saving the Earth. As Hertsgaard (2000) argues, the adoption of Western consumerist lifestyle by developing nations poses great dangers and has to be stopped before it firmly catches on. Such an approach implies not only reduction in consumption of non-essential goods and services but also buying from companies that are known to use environmentally-benign technologies in the process of production. The question as to who will suffer first, the Earth or the humans, is incorrect in its essence. Such thinking about the environment is the root cause of the imminent crisis. It is a fatal mistake to think that man is the king of nature. Indeed, our disconnection from the nature resulted in the great degree of alienation and ignorance. While human species is an inherent part of the Earth’s global ecosystems, men prefer to view themselves as ‘outsiders,’ superior to other species. Such approach brought about the overexploitation of the Earth’s resources, considerable environmental damage, and global warming. As Hertsgaard (2000) argues, in many countries, like in Sudan, environmental problems are inherently and explicitly linked to survival through the supply of food and drinking water. In China, pollution at factories equally harms humans and nature. The future of our planet in 50 years is solely dependent on the measures the humankind implements now to prevent the imminent crisis. Hertsgaard (2000) associates hopes with new environmentally friendly industries such as solar power. Given the changing attitudes towards environmental problems, growing awareness, and public policy commitment to betterment of our natural habitat, the outlook for the Earth is not as grim as some doomsayers think.

Greek Architecture And Orders :: essays research papers

Greek Architecture and Orders Greek Architecture   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Greek architecture has been noted as some of the world's finest buildings known to man kind. Such as the Parthenon, and the temples they built to their Gods, have been studied over for many years. The way these structures were built is fascinating. The Three Greek Orders of Architecture   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Greek architecture is broken down into three orders. These orders were determined by the way that the top or capital of each column was sculpted. The first order was called the Doric Order. This was the most simple of the three. It was only meant for sturdiness, not for beauty. The second order was called the Ionic order. They had capitals sculpted like spiraling scrolls. They too were not that beautiful, but very sturdy. The third was the Corinthian Order. Ta the top of each capital of this order were carved Acanthus leaves. They were very beautiful, but not quite as sturdy as the other two. The columns were sometimes replaced with load-bearing statues called Caryatids. Greek Homes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Greek houses were probably the most common of all buildings. They were built out of mud, and bricks. They all had a few rooms for dining, cooking, bathing, and sleeping. To conclude about Greek homes, most Greek citizens spent their time away from home, so little architectural specialties were put into the households. Ancient Greek Temples   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Greeks spent alot of hard work, time and effort into the temples they built for their gods. This was where the three orders were put into effect. The Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders were popular forms all over Greece. Greek temples were made of stone, some were made of Marble. The Greeks constructed many acropolises, one famous one was the Partheneon.

Committee on reorganization

Leone P. Aboard, DVD, which basically aims for appropriate alignment of descriptive titles of seventeen (17) positions to be reconciled to actual nature of work rendered by the respective incumbents thereto under the Office headed by the latter, entails no change In salary grade levels and/or step Increments. The Local Government Code of 1991 (Republic Act No. 160) gives the lawful authority to the Sanguinary Penalizing the determination of positions paid wholly or mainly from the provincial funds (Section 447), to which the subject Letter- Request pertains.However, Section 325(f) of the same law provides a limitation for the exercise of such authority by the SP, to wit: â€Å"(f) No changes in designation or nomenclature of positions resulting in a promotion or demotion in rank or increase or decrease In compensation shall be allowed except when the position is actually vacant, and the filling of such positions shall be strictly made In accordance with civil arrive law, rules and r egulations. The subject Request of the Honorable Governor complies with the Limitation abovementioned. In fact, it does not consist of promotion or demotion or of increase requesting Office had identified only twelve (12) positions to be re-titled. Because presently held by incumbents, such positions to be re-titled are requested in consonance with the certification issued by the Human Resource Management Office (HARM) of the Province.Thus, the positions of one Livestock Inspector V (Item No. 7) and four Livestock Inspector VI (Item No's. And 6), as originally listed by the questing Provincial Veterinarian, had been excluded due to the finding made by the Office of the Governor of the absence of approved Qualification Standards to be met by the incumbent appointees thereto set forth by the Civil Service Commission, and as another requisite to be met so pointed out in the certification issued by the HARM.

Reality And Illusions In Death Of A Salesman - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 956 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/05/31 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Death Of A Salesman Essay Did you like this example? There is a substantial contrast between reality and illusions. Many characters in literature find themselves struggling with the inability to establish the difference between the two, leading to a conflict with themselves along with the characters family. This is no exception to Willy Loman, a failing salesman in New England. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Reality And Illusions In Death Of A Salesman" essay for you Create order In Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, a major theme and interest of conflict is Willy Lomans quest to achieve the American Dream leading to his failure, due to the pursuit of his illusion of the American Dream and not the reality of it. The most prominent and repetitive illusion of Willy Loman is the importance of success being dependent on popularity and having personal attractiveness. Willy has built a life around this ideology, preaching it to his family, especially his son, Biff. His belief in this theory is proven when Willys sons, Biff and Happy, are expressing how lonesome they were without their father. Willy promises them, Someday Ill have my own business, and Ill never have to leave my home any more Bigger than Uncle Charley! Because Charley is not liked. Hes liked, but hes not well liked (Miller 30). Amidst his preoccupation with financial survival, Willy insists he will make it big someday and have the life that he wants. Almost more important to him than successful business deals is being liked. Over the course of the play, however, it is quickly discovered that Willy is not particularly well liked at all. This is just another one of his delusions. While teaching Biff the concept of being well-liked, Willy only reinforces his belief in the ideology and furthers his sense of this false reality; similarly, Willy illustrates this delusion when Biff explains to his father that the coach continues to congratulate and comment on his industriousness, despite him stealing the football. Willy replies saying, Thats because he likes you. If anyone else took that ball, thered be an uproar (Miller 54). Willy is elevating being well liked over all virtues as he suggests that Biff can get away with thievery because of his popularity. In the end, Biffs kleptomaniac tendencies stand in the way of his path to success. Willy believes that his father, Dave Singleman, and Ben represent the true meaning of the American Dream. Focusing more on the wealth and materials they have, Willy fails to understand that what made them successful is the work put in. Ben says to Willy, Great inventor, Father. With one gadget he made more in a week than a man like you could make in a lifetime (Miller 49). Being a salesman like his father, Willy is under the impression that he can achieve material success such as money, luxury, wealth, and popularity without having to work for it. Willy portrays himself as a successful businessman to his family which in turn, results in his deceitfulness and distress. When Linda asks about the Chevy, Willy says its the greatest car ever built. As soon as Linda brings up the fact that Willy owes money for the carburetor, Willy backtracks and says, Im not going to pay that man! That goddam Chevrolet, they ought to prohibit the manufacture of that car! (Miller 36). Will y steps out of the myths he created about himself and his financial situation and quickly changes his opinion on the car, especially when the lies he told Linda are proving impossible to keep up with. Worried about his driving in the beginning of the play, Linda tries to convince Willy to get a job in New York. They dont need me in New York, Willy tells her, Im the New England man. Im vital in New England (citation). This is what Willy has been trying to emulate his entire life. Willys need to feel well-liked is so strong that he often makes up lies about his popularity and success. At times, Willy even believes these lies himself, believing that he will have a spectacular funeral. Contrary to Willy believing he is important and admired in New England, Linda learns the truth during Willys funeral when she says, Why didnt anybody come? But where were all the people he knew? (Miller 137). This is a pivotal moment when Linda realizes the truth about Willys inaccurate conclusions on his life. Willy, dear, I cant cry. Why did you do it? I search and search and I search and I cant understand it, Willy. I made the last payment on the house today. Today, dear. And theyll be nobody home. [A sob rises in her throat] Were free and clear, (Miller 139). Lindas refrain of were free after her comments about mortgage payments implies the linkage of freedom with economic security in Death of a Salesman. The play seems to be making a larger comment on the American system of capitalism. Willy Loman was trapped by his longing for financial gain, focusing on material things keeping him from truly being free. This is something Linda, unfortunately, is forced to realize while talking to her deceased husbands grave. In Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, Willy Lomans quest to achieve the American Dream leads to his failure, due to the pursuit of his illusion of the American Dream and not the reality of it. In doing so, Willy Loman is deceitful towards his family about his finances and he ends being overwhelmed by the lies he told to accommodate for his belief in success. Willy clung to memories of his distant past to find hope for the future. Ironically, Willy killed himself because he thought the insurance was worth more than himself, not realizing that there was no insurance money since he hadnt paid it. Willy Lomans perception of reality became more of a perception of his illusions.